there are some water改为否定句

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（1）将肯定句改为否定句时,除要正确使用谓语动词的否定形式外,还要将句中的some改为any,将something改为anything等.例如：

（例1.）There is some rice in the bowl.→

There isn’t any rice in the bowl.

（例2.）They bought something in the supermarket.→

They didn’t buy anything in the supermarket.

（2）将陈述句改为一般疑问句时,要根据陈述句中的谓语动词及其时态形式确定其疑问式,同时还要注意将原句中的some改为any,将something改为anything等.

例如：

（例1.）I’ve got some money with me.→

Have you got any money with you?

（例2.）Mr.Wang said something about the accident at themeeting.→

Did Mr.Wang say anything about the accident at the meeting?

（3）将陈述句改为反意疑问句时,除了遵循陈述部分若为肯定式,疑问部分则用否定式和陈述部分若为否定式,疑问部分则用肯定式的原则外,还要注意：当陈述部分含有little,few,no,nothing,never等否定意义的词时,疑问部分要用肯定形式.另外,还要注意部分情态动词的特殊情况,如当陈述部分为must be,表示对现在情况的推测,作“一定”或“肯定”

讲时,疑问部分的动词一般用be的相应否定形式,而不用mustn’t.例如：

（例1.）Tom likes reading,doesn’t he?

There weren’t any mice in the room,were there?

（例2.）There is little water in the cup,is there?

They must be in the reading-room,aren’t they?

（4）对划线部分提问时,可按一定、二移（或加）、三变化、四删除的步骤进行.第一步“定”,就是根据划线部分的内容确定适当的疑问词.如问时间用when或what time,问地点用where,问价钱用howmuch,问年龄用how old,问原因用why,问“做什么事”用what…do/does/did等.第二步“移（或加）”,就是将句子结构改为一般疑问句的形式,如果谓语部分含有系动词be,助动词be,will,have或情态动词时,则将这类动词移到句首.如果谓语动词是行为动词,则需在主语前加助动词do,does或did.但是,如果划线部分是原句的主语或主语部分的定语,则不需要这一步.第三步“变化”,即对句子中某些词作相应的变化,除了将谓语动词变为原形动词外,还要注意将原句中句首单词（专有名词除外）的首字母改为小写,将句中的some变为any,将句号变为问号等.第四步“删除”,就是去掉被疑问词替换的划线部分的词.例如：

（例1.）My uncle has been to Hong Kong twice.→

How many times has your uncle been to Hong Kong?

（例2.）It took the artist half an hour to draw thebeautifulhorse.→

How long did it take the artist to draw the beautifulhorse?

（例3.）Her mother is a nurse.→

What is her mother?

（例4.）The children are playing football on the playground.→

Where are the boys playing football?

（例5.）He read some newspapers in the reading room.→

What did he do in the reading-room?

（5）将陈述句变为感叹句时,首先要确定是用what还是用how开头.如果强调部分的中心词是名词,就用what；若是形容词或副词,则用how.然后将所强调的部分移至what或how之后,要注意去掉修饰这一形容词或副词的副词.例如：

（例1.）He is a very good teacher.→

What a good teacher he is!

（例2.）They danced quite well.→

How well they danced!

（6）将简单句变为复合句或将复合句变为并列句或简单句时,既要注意句子的结构变化,又要注意不能改变句子的意思.要重视一些常用连词和动词的非谓语形式的用法.

例如：

（例1.）We think it true.→

We think that it is true.

（例2.）If you use your head,you’ll find a way.→

Use you head,then you’ll find a way.

（例3.）He was so angry that he couldn’t say a word.→

He was too angry to say a word.

（7）将主动语态变为被动语态时,谓语动词变为be+过去分词”形式,这里的be除了要与原句在时态上保持一致外,还要与句子的主语在人称和数等方面保持一致.

例如：

（例1.）They have set up a new primary school in myhometown.→

A new primary school has been set up in myhometown.

（8）将直接引语改为间接引语时,除了要对人称代词、动词时态、时间状语和地点状语等作相应的变化外,有时还要更改相应的谓语动词或将谓语动词改为非谓语形式.例如：

（例1.）The teacher said,“Will you e here next Sunday?”→

The teacher asked me whether I would go there thenext Sunday.

（例2.）The woman said to the boy,“Go away.”→

The woman ordered the boy to go away.

（9）在作同义词语的转换时,首先要理解原句的意思,然后根据原句的意思和要补全句子的结构填入所缺少的词,使两句意思相同或相近.

例如：

（例1.）My father drives to work every day.→

My father goes to work by car every day.

（例2.）May I borrow your bike,please?→

Can you lend me your bike,please?

there be 和have的区别

some和any后既可加可数名词，也可加不可数名词，some一般用于肯定句，any一般用于否定句和疑问句中。

如：there

is

some

water

in

the

bottle.

some

boys

are

playing

basketball.

there

isn't any

water

in

the

bottle.

are

there

any students

in

the

clasroom?

一、There

be句型

1．表示：在某地有某物或某人。

2．在there

be

句型中，主语是单数或不可数名词，be

动词用is

；主语是复数，be

动词用are

；如有几件物品，be

动词根据最近be动词的那个名词决定。

There

is

a

book

on

the

desk.

There

is

some

water

in

the

glass.

There

are

three

men

under

the

tree

.

There

is

a

bag,two

books

and

three

pens

on

the

desk.

3．there

be句型的否定句在be

动词后加not

,

一般疑问句把be动词调到句首。

There

is

a

duck

in

the

river.

否定句：There

is

not

a

duck

in

the

river.

一般疑问句：Is

there

a

duck

in

the

river?

4．some

和any

在there

be

句型中的运用：some

用于肯定句，

any

用于否定句或疑问句。

5．and

和or

在there

be句型中的运用：and

用于肯定句，

or

用于否定句或疑问句。

6．针对数量提问的特殊疑问句的基本结构是：

How

many

+

名词复数

+

are

there

+

介词短语？

How

much

+

不可数名词

+

is

there

+

介词短语？

7．针对主语提问的特殊疑问句的基本结构是：

What’s

+

介词短语？

二、have

1．表示：某人或某物“拥有”什么东西，强调“所属关系”，而且某人某物作为句子的主语。

2．have用在人称I，we，you，they和复数的人或物后面。

I

have

a

daughter.

三、There

be句型与have有时也可以通用。

如：The

classroom

has

ten

desks.

=

There

are

ten

desks

in

the

classroom.

教室里有十张桌子。

注意：

1．“have

＋

表示一日三餐的名词”，意为“用餐”。如：have

breakfast吃早餐，have

lunch吃午饭，have

supper吃晚饭。

2．“have

＋

表示食品、饮料等名词”，意为“吃；喝”。如：have

(some)

bread吃面包，have

eggs

(for

breakfast)

(早餐)吃鸡蛋，have

(a

cup

of)

tea

喝(一杯)茶。

3．“have

＋

表示动作的名词”，没有固定的意思，常与表示动作的名词同义。如：

have

a

rest

休息一下

have

a

swim

游泳

have

a

drink

(of．．．)喝一点(……)

have

a

look

(at

．．．)(朝……)看一眼

4．“have

＋

表示某种活动的名词”，意为“进行，举行”。如：

have

a

class

(学生)

上课

have

a

birthday

party

举行生日聚会

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